a doctor shows a model of vertebrae and what bone density looks like with osteoporosis to her patient

periodontal disease

The Surprising Link Between Gum Disease and Bone Loss

Periodontal disease is a progressive infection that damages the gums and the bone supporting your teeth. It’s the leading cause of adult tooth loss and starts when plaque bacteria cause inflammation in the gums. Left untreated, the infection spreads deeper, eventually breaking down jawbone tissue and loosening teeth.

Osteoporosis is a common condition—especially in postmenopausal women—that causes bones to become weak and brittle due to reduced bone mass and mineral density. Research suggests a strong connection between osteoporosis and periodontal disease, particularly in women after menopause.

In fact, a study from the University of New York at Buffalo found that postmenopausal women with osteoporosis were 86% more likely to develop periodontal disease.

Diagnosis and treatment options

Early diagnosis of both osteoporosis and periodontal disease is key to preventing long-term damage. Dentists and physicians often work together to manage both conditions. Common diagnostic and treatment steps include:

    Dental X-raysThese help detect bone loss in the jaw and guide treatment planning.
    Estrogen supplementsThese may help reduce gum inflammation and protect against bone loss in postmenopausal women.
    Risk assessmentYour healthcare team will evaluate family history, medications, and lifestyle factors like smoking and diet to customize your care.

Managing both osteoporosis and periodontal disease is possible with the right care and prevention strategies.

Why are these two conditions linked?

Researchers believe several factors explain the link between osteoporosis and gum disease:

    Estrogen deficiencyAfter menopause, lower estrogen levels can speed up bone loss—including in the jaw—making it easier for periodontal disease to progress.
    Low bone densityWeak bones are more vulnerable to the inflammation caused by gum disease, leading to more rapid deterioration of the jawbone.

Have questions about how bone health affects your gums and teeth? Contact our office to learn more or schedule a periodontal evaluation.